The effectiveness of transvenous leads extractions implanted more than 10 years before

The effectiveness of transvenous leads extractions implanted more than 10 years before.

BACKGROUND The increasing number of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) causes a rise in the absolute percentage of individuals qualifying for a transvenous lead extraction (TLE) due to infectious, vascular or lead failure related indications. As the survival time prolongs, TLE procedures more and more often concern the electrodes of long- -term functioning. Authors pro...

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Is the transvenous extraction of cardioverter-defibrillator leads more hazardous than that of pacemaker leads?

BACKGROUND Leads used for low-voltage and high-voltage therapy delivered by implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) differ from low-voltage pacemaker (PM) leads in their diameter and complexity of structure. Although there are reports showing that the extraction of ICD leads may be hazardous, due to firm adhesions to the vascular and chamber walls of high-voltage therapy coils, clinical e...

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Is Now More than 10 Years

since artificial intelligence techniques were first applied in telecommunications. That is a long time, given the current speed of technological change. It is reasonable, therefore, to consider some ways in which the application of AI to telecommunications has evolved over this period. A decade ago, the AI approaches applied in telecommunications were primarily rulebased. The article “Tuning Nu...

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Permanently Implanted Transvenous

Three patients with complete heart block had a high resistance to electrical stimulation of the endocardium through transvenous pacemaker systems. One patient died; one needed reoperation for implantation of epicardial electrodes; and the third required a generator of higher current. The present enthusiasm for permanent transvenous implantation of pacemakers must be tempered somewhat by the kno...

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Permanently Implanted Transvenous Pacemakers

Three patients with complete heart block had a high resistance to electrical stimulation of the endocardium through transvenous pacemaker systems. One patient died; one needed reoperation for implantation of epicardial electrodes; and the third required a generator of higher current. The present enthusiasm for permanent transvenous implantation of pacemakers must be tempered somewhat by the kno...

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The effectiveness of transvenous leads extractions implanted more than 10 years before

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